![]() ![]() It was not until Cushing published his paper “Studies on the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid” in 1914 that a source for CSF, the choroid plexus, had come to be acknowledged. The constant production of fluid was hypothesized, but anatomists could not describe, nor pinpoint, the means of production. Hippocrates was among the first to describe the fluid as water that surrounded the brain. The existence of CSF has been known for centuries. In this review, we will outline the physiology of CSF in the typical adult, as well as the pathologies associated with CSF circulation, malabsorption, and production. The classic thought is that CSF flows due to the forces generated by cardiac pulsations and pulmonary respiration. CSF forms at a rate of about 0.3–0.4 mL/min translating to 18-25 mL/hour and 430–530 mL/day. The ventricular portion amounts to roughly 17% of the total fluid volume, the rest of which lies in the cisterns and subarachnoid space. In the average adult human, there is roughly 150 mL of CSF circulating at any given moment. It is a multifaceted marvel, able to continuously support the nervous system through the lifespan of the organism. In this review, we capitulate the classical understanding of CSF physiology as well as a new, emerging theory on CSF production.Ĭerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, proteinaceous fluid that exists in the surrounding spaces of mammalian central nervous systems (CNS). Recent advances in scientific methodology and experimentation have proven to be effective tools for elucidating the mechanisms of the CSF circulation system and the pathological conditions associated with its malfunction. Despite the ubiquity of this circulation system in vertebrates, some aspects remain understudied. It is underscored by the choroid plexus's distinct vascular network which has conventionally been seen as the most prominent structure in CSF production through a variety of active transporters and channels. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation system is an intricate system embedded in and around the CNS that has been the topic of debate since it was first described in the 18 th century. On the one hand, the complexity is what gives rise to higher order thinking but on the other hand, damage to the CNS evokes its unforgiving nature. The central nervous system's (CNS) complicated design is a double-edged sword. ![]()
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